Paper ID: TAGJ16072510

The Influence of Socioeconomic Factors on Youth Unemployment in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

Prof. Leila Patel

Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Abstract:

Introduction: Youth unemployment remains a persistent challenge in South Africa, especially in urban districts like Tshwane, where economic disparities are pronounced. Despite national efforts to stimulate growth, many young people continue to face barriers to entering the labor market. This research seeks to understand how socioeconomic factors such as education access, household income levels, and availability of social support affect youth employment outcomes in Tshwane. 

Methodology: The study adopted a mixed-methods design, integrating quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. A survey was distributed to 400 youths aged 15-24 across diverse suburbs within Tshwane to gather information on their educational background, household income, employment status, and access to social services. Complementing this, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants, including unemployed youth, community leaders, and social workers, to gain nuanced insights into their experiences and perceptions. The quantitative data were analyzed using regression analysis to identify statistically significant relationships, while thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data to explore underlying themes and lived experiences.

Results: The analysis revealed that socioeconomic disadvantages significantly contribute to youth unemployment in Tshwane. Youth from lower-income households and with limited access to quality education were considerably more likely to be unemployed. Specifically, those with higher educational attainment had about a 40% greater chance of securing employment. Additionally, limited access to social programs and training opportunities was linked to prolonged unemployment periods. Focus group discussions highlighted frustrations among youth regarding systemic barriers, including lack of targeted employment initiatives and inadequate support services, which further hinder their prospects of gaining employment.

Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of addressing socioeconomic disparities to improve youth employment outcomes in Tshwane. The persistent link between low household income, limited educational opportunities, and unemployment suggests that comprehensive, multisectoral approaches are necessary.  To mitigate youth unemployment, the study recommends implementing targeted skills development and vocational training programs tailored to local industry needs. Increasing investment in education for marginalized communities is essential to bridge existing gaps. 

Keywords: Youth Unemployment, Socioeconomic Factors, South Africa, Tshwane District, Social Inequality, Education, Social Services, Employment Policy